I'm talking from UK and NZ experience here, so hope its useful. Missing is relatively easy - you can write a summary yourself, and preferably note by every item who diagnosed, who you were under, who treated you, etc. They should include that in your notes. If you just wrote your problems it probably wouldn't be taken much notice of, but if you name docs and clinics or hospitals then it probably will.
Wrong stuff is usually much more difficult. In the UK you have the right to have a note added to anything you think is wrong, but it really depends on who is reading it if they take much notice. I'd guess that for some of the examples you have given, if you made more up to date notes of what happened after that wrong diagnosis, etc (naming docs, dates, tests, etc) then again that would be taken more seriously.
Its the judgemental stuff that is a nightmare - my file is full of doctors saying I was putting on pain, was deliberately walking funny, was playing up stiffness etc, and I have no way of challenging that.
